Hopper-bottom car.



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HoPPEn'BuTTnMAcAR.

fAppution med afm. 7, 1901.) (No Model.)

No. 670,6I4.

(no Model.)

/ATTEST Patented Mar. 26, I90I. G. `I. KING &. B. H. JESSEN.

HOPPER BOTTOM CAR.

(Application filed Jem4 7, 1901.)

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No. 670,614. j Patented Mar. 26, 190|.- G. l. KING 48L B. H. JESSEN.HoPPER 301mm CAR. (ummm.) :Mmmm med J"'T`191`) 5 ,sham-sheet 3.

l ME nl 1 o R5. ewyef. ,B Jsaw W WWW/s Patented Mar. 26, I90l. I. KING&. B. H. JESSEN.

HOPPER BOTTOM CAR.'

No. 670,6l4.

(Application led Jnn. '7, 1901.]

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(No Model.)

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No.v 670.6I4. Patented Mar.' 26, 190|.v

G.. I. KING & B. H. JESSEN.

HOPPER BOTTOM CAB. (Application med Jan. '7. 19019 TH: cams Pacis no.,PNoTo-Llmo.. wgumou, n, c.

Unirse @Tarea PATENT Ormea.

GEORGE I. KING AND BURCHARD H. JESSEN, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNORSTO THE AMERICAN CAR da FOUNDRY COMPANY, OF ST.

LOUIS, MISSOURI.

HOPPER-BOTTOM CAR.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 670,614, dated March26, 1901.

Application filed January '7, 1901'. Serial No. 42,371 (No model.) i

To all whom, it may concern.-

Beit known that we, GEORGE I. KIN e, a citizen of the United States, andBURCHARD H. JESSEN, a subject of the King of Sweden and Norway, bothresiding at Detroit, county of Wayne, State of Michigan, haveV inventeda certain new and useful Improvementin Hopper-Bottom Cars, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description, such as will enableothers skilled in the art to which it ap- .pertains to make and use thesame, reference y being had to the accompanying drawings,

forming part of this specification, in which- Figure l is a sideelevational view, partly in section, of our improved hopper-bottom car.Fig. 2 is a top plan View of the car. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the underframing, the carbody heilig removed. Fig. 4 is a vertical sectional viewtaken about the center of the car. Fig. 5 is an end elevationalview; andFig. 6 is a vertical sectional view taken 'on line 6 6, Fig. l. y

This invention relates to a new and usefu improvement in hopper-bottomcars designed especially for carrying ore.

One object of the invention is toconstruct a car of the characterdescribed whosefloor slope is not less than forty-five degrees wit-h thevertical, the car having suicient cubic capacity to handle a largequantity of oresay about fifty tons-the weight of which ore is commonlynot less than one hundred pounds per cubic foot.

Another object is to provide a large dooropening or exit for the load,so that the load may he properly discharged even in cold Weather, whenthe contents of the car may be more or less solidly frozen. Thishopperopening, as it is com monly called, is arranged within the line'of the inner truck-Wheels, requiring a special arrangement of `underframing, which must be very rigid to resist both longitudinal andtransverse stresses. The tendency to displace the side sills laterally,due to the pressure of the contained load, is resisted bythe underframing in the form of lattice-girders lying in a horizontal plane,which girders take the places of the separate side and center sillscommonly met with in cars of this type. As a consequence of the sill.steps, ladders, hand-holes, dac., are provided,

large door-opening the center sills are discontinuous, being made up ofshort sections at each end, extending only from bolster to end The usualair-brakes, couplers, trucks,

but are not shown in the accompanying drawings, becanse such parts arewell known and understood.

The invention consists, generally stated, in making the side walls ofthe car of sheets or plates of metal in the form of plate-girders, whichin addition to carrying their propor tion of the load also serve as thecontaining side Walls of the car and form members of a .truss'edstructure, in connection with other members of the side framing. Toresist the shearing forces at the ends of the plate-girders, we provideinclined stiffening-braces in the form of channels which slopedownwardly and outwardly toward the point of supportto wit, thebody-holsters of the car-said stiffening-braces being tied together byiioor-v beams, which latter afford means of attachment of thefloor-supports. These stiffeningbraces serve as the end posts forV thetrussed structure and as the main supports'for the `superstructure abovethe bolster'.

. In the drawings, Vl indicates the side sheets of the car-body, whichare preferably shearedv to the proper shape, said sheets terminating Thesidel some distance above the side sills of the car.

2 indicates an angle riveted to the upper edge of the side sheet andforming the compression-flange thereof and also forming, in

conjunction with the side sheet, the top chord of the truss.

3 indicates an angle arranged at the end of the car, to which isconnected the vertical end posts 4.- through suitable connection-plates,

IOO

said end posts being attached at their lower ends through suitableconnection-plates to the end sill 5.

6 indicates a channel secured to the end of the end sill and performingthe functions of side sills and bottom chord of the truss, as well asentering into a lattice-girder construction of which the angle 7 servesas a parallel member. These members 6 and 7 carry suitableconnection-plates, to which are riveted the lattice-bars 8, as shownmore clearly in Fig. 3. Referring to Fig. 4, it will be noted that thisangle 7 is arranged on a horizontal plane slightly beneath the bottomflanges of the channel 6 and has riveted to its vertical member thevertical portion 9 of the sloping side door-sheet 10. The upper edge ofthis Hoor-sheet 10 is riveted to the lower edge of the side sheet 1 andis reinforced on its under side by angles 11, as shown in Figs.1 and 4.

The inclined end sheet 12 has its upper edge riveted to the angle 3,while the upper portion of its side edges are dan ged downwardly andsecured to the side sheets 1. The lower portion of the end sheet issheared to accommodate the slope of the side floor-sheets 10,whichlatter, as shown in Fig. 2, are flanged under the end sheets, rivetsbeing employed to make a good connection between the sloping floor andend sheets.

Thelowerinner edge of the end sheet has an angle 13 secured thereto, thevertical member of which angle forms the vertical end wall of thehopper-opening.

14 indicates the hopper-doors, which are hinged, respectively', to theangles 14, riveted to the lower edges of the side floor-sheets, saiddoors opening in opposite directions, suitable operating mechanism beingprovided for this purpose.

15 indicates an angle extending transversely the car and supported atits ends by the channels 6, said angle serving as a door-beam inaddition to tying the channels against lateral displacement.

16 indicates a floor-beam in the form of an angle whose ends areconnected either directly or through suitable connection-plates to theinclined stiening-braces or truss end posts 17. These inclinedstiffening-braces or truss-posts are in the form of channels and havetheir Lipper ends'riveted to the side sheets 1, while their lower endsare riveted to the ends of the body-bolster through the channels 6. Thisbody-bolster may be of any suitable construction, but is preferablyofthe type illustrated in an application" led by George I. King on orabout November 23, 1900, Serial No. 37,459. This type of body- Thebottom coverplate 19 is provided with the usual center bearing 23, whichis preferably riveted thereto, as well as the ordinary side bearings,the latter not being shown. It will be observed that the center sills 2lare suciently deep to accommodate the draft-rigging, said center sillsbeing riveted to the end sills and forming parts of the body-bolsterabove described, theyterminating just beyond the vertical webs 2O ofsaid body-holsters, which webs are secured to said center sills by theuse of suitable corn er con nection-plates. The top coverplate 18 of thebody-bolster has a reinforcingangle 24 riveted thereto, which angleforms a point of attachment for inclined bra-ces 25, whose upper outerends are secured to the floor-beams 16 by the use of suitableconnection-plates.

26 indicates an angle riveted to the floor `above the point ofattachment of the angle `are inclined posts 31, arranged at the sides ofthe car, as shown more clearly at the left in Fig. 1, the lower ends ofthese posts being riveted to the channels 6.

32 indicates channels forming a V-shaped stifenng and strengtheningframe in the mid- `dle of the car and also diagonale for the trussedstructure,said channels being secured to the exterior faces of the sidesheets and the channels 6. The upper or divergent ends of these channels32 are adjacent the upper ends of the inclined stiffening-braces ortruss-posts 17, before referred to.

The construction above described is very strong and rigid andcomparatively light considering the load it is designed to carry. Whilewe have described the side sheets as being plate-girders designed tocarry their proportion of the load, theintroduction of thelattice-girders, cousistingof the elements 6, 7, and 8 and thearrangement of the inclined stiffening-braces or truss end posts and thediagonals 32, renders the term plate-girdei" as applied to the sidesheets rather indefinite, because such term docs not include the underframing and its connections with the plategirder sides. In other words,the side framing is made up of a trussed structure including in itscomposition the plate-girder side sheets, which forni the upper chordsof the trussed frame, While the horizontally-placed girders G, 7, and Sform the lower chords, being placed in tension under load and reinforcedby the sloping side floor-sheets, which, with their connected parts,formthe tension-flanges of the plate-girder side sheets The function of theinclined stiffening-braces or truss end posts is not only to resist theshearing forces IOO IIO

at the ends of the side sheets, but also to strengthen said sideA sheetsagainst lateral bulging and act as main supports for. the superstructureabove the bolsters. These inclined stiffening-braces or posts in servingas the main supports for the upper portion of the car-body have part ofthe load transmitted to them through the diagonals 32, which are used inlieu of the com monly-formed Vertical members and diagonals. Thearrangement of the two diagonals 32 greatly simplifies the constructionand reduces the number of parts which have heretofore been commonlyemployed in trussed side framing in car coustruction. I v

The elements of the trussed structure shown in thedrawings may beconsidered, as before described, as consisting of the side sheet 1, inconnection with the angle 2, forming the top chord, the inclinedstiffening-braces 17, forming the end posts, thechannels 32,forming theintermediate diagonals, and the horizontallydisposed girder, composed ofthe parts 6, 7,

and 8, which girder forms the bottom or Len-.

sion chord of the truss. All of these members are so connected to eachother that the truss as a whole will act as a rigid body to resist thelongitudinal,vertical, and lateral forces acting upon it, while eachmember is subjected largely to direct longitudinal stresses only. Inconsidering the action of the truss We have to deal with two classes offorces, known as external forces and internal forces. The externalforces are the loads sustained by the structure and the weight of thestructure, while the'supporting forces (called reactions, in thisinstance found at the bod y-bolsters) balance the loads, and thus holdthe structure in position. The truss transfers the loads to thereactions, (body-belsters,) or, in other words, the 'reactionscounterbalance or support the` loads through the medium of the truss.The loads and reactions or external forces which act upon the trussalways distort it more or less from its original form, the distortionthus produced being designated as the strain in the truss..

To this strain or distortionthe members of the truss oifer resistance,and this resistance to distortion is called stress. The stresses in thevarious members of atruss are the internal forces which oder resistanceto the ex-v stress, the conditions are dierent.

the form of the member. In this causev the bottom chord in the form ofthe horizontallyarranged girder is placed in tension. Where a member isvintended to resist compressive Jo Such a member must not only havesufiicientmaterial to resist the direct longitudinal stress,

-but it must also contain sufficient material and the material must begiven such a form 'that the member Will not bend sidewise or buckleunder the applied stress. In the construction shown in the drawings theside sheet ,1 and the angle 2 is the compression member or top chord.The lower edge ofthis side sheet is attached to the sloping floor-sheetl0,

and the sheet is strengthened against lateral.

ferring to Fig. l that the triangle forms the primary truss element,because a triangle is a geometrical figure whose form cannot be changedwithout changing the-length of one or more of its sides. The simplestform of a truss is a triangle, and any perfect truss must be either atriangle oran assemblage of triangles.-

Referring now to the advantages of having the lattice-girders lying in ahorizontal plane and assisting to form the lower chord of the trussedside framing, the sloping floor-sheet l0 is connected at its upper edgeto the side sheet l, not only strengthening said side sheet againstlateral buckling, but Aservling,vvith its connections, if We considerthe side sheetguerl Se as a plate-girder, as a tension-(lange therefor.This sloping floor-sheet has its lower edge attached to the angles 'Zand14a, the for- .iner being a member. of the lattice-girder, so

that through this connection the parts mutually support each other andadd to the rigidity of the entire structure. Considering then thetrussed side frame as including the h'orizontal lattice-girder, Whoseends are supported by the body-holsters, we have a triangular formationextending practically throughout the length of the side of the car frombolster to bolster. The horizontal leg or the latticegirder of thistriangular `construction isvof great-,Value in making the car rigidlateral strains.' i

Referring now to Fig. 3, it will be seen that the channel 6 in addition'to performing the function of a bottom chord for the trussed sideframing also serves as a member forfthe lattice-girder and acts in thecapacity of a side sill to take care of the buffing strains. The endsills, body-holsters, and angles 15 serve to tie these channels 6rigidly in posiagainstV tion, in addition to which the middle portionsthereof are tied by the lattice-bars 8, whose inner ends are connectedto the angles 7, said `angles being supported at their ends by thebody-holsters. The center sills 21 are supported by the end sills andthe body-bolsters, beyond which latter they terminate, and thus thebuiiing strains are communicated through the body-bolsters and thediagonal braces 33 to the angles 6 and 7, (connected by the lattice-bars8,) the latter angle of which is reinforced by the sloping licor-sheet10.

We are aware that minor changes in the arrangement, construction, andcombination of the several parts of our device can be made andsubstituted for those herein shown and described without in the leastdeparting from the nature and principle of our invention.

Having thus described our invention, what we Claim, and desire to secureby Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination with a side wall of a hopper-bottom car in the formof a plategirder, of inclined stiifening bars or braces which arearranged on the side walls to better resist the shearing forces in saidwalls, and also prevent the plates forming said Walls from bucklingunder action of said shearing forces, and a side sill member locatedsome distance below said plate-girder, and to which the lower ends ofsaid stiiTening-braces are connected; substantially as described.

2. The combination with the side wall of a hopper-bottom car in the formof a plategirder, of inclined stiffening bars or braces which arearranged on the side walls t0 better resist the shearing forces in saidwalls, and also prevent the plates forming said walls from bucklingunder action of said shearing forces, a side sill member located somedistance below said plate-girder, and to which the lower ends of saidstitfening-braces are connected, and oppositely-inclined membersattached to said side wall and to said side sill memberintermediate saidinclined stiffeningbraces; substantially as described.

3. The combination with a hopper-bottom car and its frame, the verticalside walls of said car being in the form of plate-girders, of inclinedstiiening-braces arranged at the ends of said vertical walls forresisting the bulging tendency therein, said stiffeningbraces slopingdownwardly toward the supporting-holsters of the frame, andoppositelyinclined members arranged along the carbody intermediate saidinclined stiffeningbraces; substantially as described.

4. In a hopper-bottom car, the combination with the supporting-holsters,of a side sill member carried thereby, a vertically-disposed sheetforming the side wall of the car located some distance above the sidesill member and forming the containing-wall of the car, and bars forsupporting said sheet above the side sill member; substantially asdescribed.

5. In a hopper-bottom car, the combinatioli with thesupporting-bolsters, of a side sill member, a vertically-disposed sheetforming the side wall of the car and located some distance above theside sill member, and inclined bars attached to said sheet and to saidside sill member; substantially as described.

6. AThe combination with supporting-bolsters, of side sill membersattached thereto, a vertically-disposed sheet forming the side wall ofthe car, inclined bars 17 secured to the side sill member opposite theends of the bolsters and having their upper ends extend to the top ofthe side wall of the car, and

oppositely-inclined members 32 extending from the upper ends of'the bars17, said members 32 meeting over the side sills, and abutting againsteach other, at about the center of the car; substantially as described.

7. The combination with the supportingbolsters, of a trussed structurecomprising side sill members which form the lower chords of said trussedstrncture,a vertically-disposed sheet forming the side wall of the carand forming the top chord of said trussed structure, said side Wallbeing in the nature of a plate-girder and located some distance abovethe side sill, or lower chord, and inclined connections between saidvertically disposed sheet and the side sill member, which connectionsform triangles; substantially as described.

8. The combination with supporting-bolsters, of a side sill memberattached thereto, a vertically-disposed sheet forming the side wall.- ofthe car and arranged some distance above said side sill member,triangularly-arranged supports for said side Wall, and a slopingdoor-sheet attached to the lower edge ol said side wall; substantiallyas described.

9. The combination with supporting-bolsters, of a horizontally-disposedgirder carried thereby,'thc outer member of said` girder serving as aside sill, a vertically-disposed sheet forming the side Wall of the carand located some distance above said side sill, triangularly-arrangedsupports for said sidewall sheet, and a sloping floor-sheet attached tothe lower edge of the side wall and to the inner edge ot' saidhorizontally disposed girder; substantially as described.

10. The combination with supporting-bolsters, of horizontally-disposedlattice-girders carried thereby, vertically-disposed sheets forming theside walls of the car, and located some distance above saidlattice-girder, triangularly-arranged supports for said sheet whichcoperate with the outer member of said lattice-girder, and a slopingHoor-sheet attached to the lower edge of the side wall and to the innermember of the lattice-girder; substantially as described.

l1. The combination with supporting-bolsters, of horizontally-disposedgirders carried by the ends thereof, said girders comprising IOO thebars 6, '7 and 8, of which bhe bars 6 eX- signatures, in the presence oftwo witnesses,

tend beyond the body-bolsters, end sills, centhis 4th day of J an nary,1901.

ter sills which extend inwardly to the bodybolsters, cover-plates forsaid body-holsters, Y Y 5 side sheets 1, the inclined bars 17 and 32,the A sloping Hoor-sheets 10, and the sloping end Witnesses:

sheets; substantially as described. M. MOHUGH,

In testimony whereof We hereunto ax our ALBERT PANCOAST.

